Link:INB Home|INB English| INB русский язык|INB العربية|INB Türkiye|INB فارسی|INB Español|INB Français|INB Português|INB Deutsch|INB 國語|INB 中文|INB 日本语|INB 한국어|INB ภาษาไทย|INB tiếng Việt||Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska
INB Português Fórum
BEM - vindo a indústria nativa e "boffin") Da era industrial, aqui está cheio de espírito de Luta, Ambos através Da rede espaço biológico nativo espírito "boffin" VEIO a mad labs.Casa inbforum.com, Nome Definitivo: inb-english.forumotion.com
INB Português Fórum
BEM - vindo a indústria nativa e "boffin") Da era industrial, aqui está cheio de espírito de Luta, Ambos através Da rede espaço biológico nativo espírito "boffin" VEIO a mad labs.Casa inbforum.com, Nome Definitivo: inb-english.forumotion.com
INB Português Fórum

BEM - vindo a indústria nativa e boffin) Da era industrial, aqui está cheio de espírito de Luta, Ambos através Da rede espaço biológico nativo espírito boffin VEIO a mad labs.Casa inbforum.com, Nome Definitivo: inb-english.forumotion.com


Você não está conectado. Conecte-se ou registre-se

《《《《《《《上一页INBforum   Ir para baixo

上一页INBforum》》》》》》》Ver o tópico anterior Ver o tópico seguinte Ir para baixo  Mensagem [Página 1 de 1]

1Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Empty Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Qua Jan 26, 2011 4:02 am

Admin

Admin
Admin
by Shawn Sapp
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Pixel_black


Introduction

Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Hv-flame-ani-2-smallThe
topic of sub-surface scattering (SSS) has received much lip service on
the net of late. However, after reading anything I could get my hands
on, I was still unsure about how to implement this real-world effect
into my renderings. It is not my plan to teach you about the principles
of SSS; this tutorial is for those that already know what I'm talking
about, and want to see how it is done. There is, however, a good amount
of background info on SSS at Prof. H. W. Jensen's site, and it is very well written (it was funded by the National Science Foundation).
Figure 1. The Ska plugin interface
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Ska-interface

I
will say that SSS plays a big role in materials that we see everyday,
like skin, milk, and wax, and although its effects are often subtle, it
goes a long way towards removing that decidedly CG feel to a render. So
lets get to it already... First of all, I'm a hobbyist in CG; my day
job is as a chemist, so I can't justify buying Lightwave (LW) yet, but
I'm blessed with a roommate who can. LW out of the box does not include
SSS capability, so you must depend on a handy plugin. If you are
interested in commercial SSS plugins go check out OGO_Hikari or Worley's G2.
I want to keep things as simple as possible so I'm going to be using
LW7 with the free Layout plugin Ska v1.3 that can be downloaded from web.infinito.it/utenti/k/killjoy/res/plugin.htm. The interface is shown in Figure 1 (I will cover the settings and what they do in a following section).
There is only minimal documentation for this plugin, and support seems
to have gone away, so I thought, "Hmm why not write a tutorial?" This
plugin is very simple and effective (but also limited), but since it is
free it makes a good starting point for SSS. At any rate, following
this tutorial and playing with Ska on your own should tell you whether
or not to pursue the more hefty commercial plugins.

Figure 2. Source of inspiration showing the SSS properties of candle wax.

The Scene

Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Bedroom-candle1Since
wax is a translucent and scattering material, I decided to base this
tutorial on the rendering of a candle. I drew my inspiration for this
tutorial from a candle next to a window in my bedroom (see Figure 2).
This candle sits there every day, mocking me because it is such a
simple thing, yet the LW renderer cannot truly duplicate its properties.

There are ways to "fake" the SSS effect, but these are time consuming
so I opted for the plugin method. The scene I will be using throughout
this tutorial (Figure 3) contains only one model, the candle. This
model has three basic surfaces: the wick, the wax, and the melt. The
melt is meant to simulate that little pool of melted liquid wax
surrounding the wick. I am assuming here that you can model a candle on
your own.
<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Hv-flame-layout-preview-ani-2
Figure 3. The scene I will be using
throughout this tutorial.</td>
</tr>
</table>

The
candle flame itself I will cover in detail later, so ignore the
particles you see in Figure 3 for now. In most of the examples you will
see, the flame was simulated with a point light (and lens flare)
located close to the wick. This does not produce a convincing flame,
but it does provide the lighting necessary to demonstrate SSS. I also
used a dim spotlight above and to the right of the candle with shadow
casting turned off. All renders were done using Low anti-aliasing (AA)
with adaptive sampling set at 0.15 (this will be important later). The
following section will show examples of how changing Ska's basic
settings affect the rendering of this simple scene.

The Plugin



So
where exactly does Ska come into it? The Ska plugin is applied to a
surface in the surface editor as an added shader. Hold-on, maybe I
should backup a little.

Okay,
so we have our scene and two lights, but our candle has no materials
set yet. So we go into the surface editor and make this look like a
real candle by adjusting the various channels as needed. Figures 4 and
5 show the surface settings that I used on the wick and melt
respectively. These surfaces use only channels under the "Basic" tab.
Figure 6 shows the basic surface settings for the wax, but to use the
Ska plugin, settings have to be changed under the "Shader" tab. Ska is
added using the drop down menu under the "Shader" tab. Double-clicking
on its name brings up the interface and should look like Figure 1.
That's all you have to do to implement SSS into a LW scene. You decide
what objects/surfaces need SSS, add the plugin under the "Shader" tab,
and adjust settings to your liking. The remainder of this tutorial will
focus on the adjustment of Ska's settings and how they interact with
other channels under the "Basic" surface tab. Be warned; VIPER does not
show Ska's effects. In fact, I found that using VIPER was quite
dangerous with Ska enabled, and I had many crashes, most of which came
when I hit "F9" after adjusting settings to Ska with VIPER enabled.
Hopefully my efforts will save you a lot of time and trouble when you
need that little SSS boost. Now on to the settings.

<table>
<tr align="center" valign="middle">
<td width="33%">Figure 4. Click to Enlarge
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Surface-wick-basic-icon </td>
<td width="33%">Figure 5. Click to Enlarge
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Surface-melt-basic-icon </td>
<td width="33%">
Figure 6. Click to Enlarge
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Surface-wax-basic-icon
</td>
</tr>
</table>


The
settings we are presented with in the Ska interface are: Penetration,
Quality, Curve, Light Boost, and settings for the color of the SSS
material. Since I did not write this plugin (but [Tens de ter uma conta e sessão iniciada para poderes visualizar este link]
did) I will not attempt to describe how each of these work. Instead I
will show you. Figure 7 shows the rendered result of tweaking first the
Quality (first row), the Penetration (second row), the Curve (third
row), and finally the Light Boost (last row). The arrows indicate which
setting is used for subsequent trials of the other settings. As you can
see from the examples in the first row, Ska does in fact work. I don't
like the noise that results from quality settings lower than 100% so I
usually leave it at that. My candle model is quite low in polys, and
the plugin author has suggested that you may experience less noise and
fewer artifacts with higher poly models, but I have not explored this
yet.

Figure 7. Rendered output using Ska with various settings.
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Ska-setting-summary


In
Figure 7, the first example in the first row is a rendering without
Ska. The Quality settings for the rest of the row (from left to right)
are: 10%, 50%, and 100%. The Penetration values are 0.05, 0.2, 0.33,
0.9, and 2.5. Curve values used were 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.8, and 2.5. Boost
values were 1%, 50%, 100%, 250%, and 500%. I will try to break down
these settings in order with comments and suggestions for each.

As
I have already mentioned, I rendered these images using low AA with
adaptive sampling. It turns out that if I had disabled adaptive
sampling, then lower quality settings in Ska would have turned out
better (as I only recently discovered). With adaptive sampling, only a
quality setting of 100% would do, but with even low AA (but no adaptive
sampling) I found quality settings of 15% or higher were good. This is
just something you'll have to balance to your liking, but since higher
quality settings lengthen render times, I find Low AA, no adaptive
sampling, and 20% quality gives good results at reasonable render
times. Also note that this setting only goes to 100% unlike most LW
"percent" settings, which can be set to values greater than 100.

The
penetration setting in my candle scene appears to have only a subtle
effect, but this is the "main" setting in Ska. I'm pretty sure that the
units for this setting are meters, although this is by no means
obvious. Thus this setting is model dependent. If your model has
dimensions of a few hundred millimeters like my candle, settings of 0.1
to 2 should give you good attenuation. So if the dimensions of your
model were on the order of several hundred meters, you would need
settings like 100-1000 to give you good attenuation.

Curve
simply affects the linearity of the falloff of scattered light within
the object. Think of the curve setting as being similar to changing the
type of falloff on a spotlight. A value of 1.0 gives a linear falloff.
Values lower than one lessen the falloff, and values above one increase
the falloff. I generally did not adjust this setting (away from 1.0),
but it is probably quite useful for more transparent materials.

Light
boost does what its name suggests; it simply boosts the SSS effect
intensity. This is a useful setting to allow for a good balance between
surfaces lit by LW lights and surfaces exhibiting SSS. In more complex
scenes with one or more scattering surfaces and more than one light,
this setting would come in quite handy. This setting can exceed the normal limit of 100%.


Channel Effects and Speed


<table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Texturing-sss
Figure 8. Surface channels
affecting the SSS from Ska.
Click to see a DivX animation.
</td>
</tr>
</table>

In
playing with Ska, I became curious about adding texture to the
scattered light. I experimented by adding a basic fractal noise texture
to each of the channels under the basic surface setting tab. All the
channels should have an effect on SSS to some degree, but I suspected
that Ska only worked with some (not all) of the channels. I found that
Color and Transparency had an affect on the rendering of SSS, but
diffusion does not. Spec/Gloss, Reflection, and Bump are surface
attributes rather than sub-surface attributes so they are irrelevant. I
did not try Luminosity, but I suspect that like diffusion, it does not
affect the SSS render. So the question is, does the texture created by
the color and transparency channel look good enough? Well of course
that depends on what you are going for. I was hoping to see an effect
like a candle made with a mixture of waxes. I'll let you be the final
judge. Figure 8 shows the rendering of my candle with first only a
color texture, then only a transparency texture, and finally both at
the same time. You should be looking at the lower part of the candle
where the scattered light comes out the side of the model. See how
there is a texture there now? I think it worked out quite well,
however, adding even a bit of transparency adds significantly to the
render times, which is true regardless of the use of Ska. Overall, I
found Ska to be quite fast, especially once I discovered the trick that
disabling adaptive sampling allows lower quality settings to be used. I
have not used the commercial Hikari or G2 plugins, but by all accounts
these are quite fast as well.
Adding a HyperVoxel Flame


<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Final-ani-render
Figure 9. Final Rendering.
Click to see a GIF animation.
</td>
</tr>
</table>

All
my renderings thus far have used a simulated candle flame, a point
light with a lens flare. This is fine for demonstration purposes, but
I'd like to show some follow-through and actually finish my scene with
a realistic looking candle and flame. My first approach was to use an
object model in the shape of a flame. I had hoped to find a good
procedural texture that could do the trick, but I quickly gave up on
this approach. After reading the fine tutorial on HyperVoxel smoke generation, I decided to follow this technique using a particle emitter and a wind affector.

Refer back to Figure 3, which shows the particles and the wind in my basic scene. To see my particle and wind settings click here.
The HV surface and texture settings were just a slight adaptation of
the settings from the HV Smoke tutorial referred to above. I left the
point light in the scene (since this is the source of the SSS), but to
make the animation look proper, I put an envelope on the light
intensity. I added a noise channel and a particle "power" channel
follower to drive the light intensity (click here
to see these channels in the graph editor). This gives the candle that
characteristic flicker. Figure 9 is a rendering from the final
animation. Click on the image to see an animated GIF of the final
animation.
Conclusions


<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
Tutorials LightWave 3D Sub-Surface Light Scattering in LightWave, Using Ska Backlit-ear
Figure 10. Backlit Ear.</td>
</tr>
</table>

Hopefully
I have provided you with some helpful information on using Ska to
produce SSS in LW. I kept my examples very simple, owing to the simple
nagging of a candle in my bedroom window, but I hope you are now ready
to dive into using SSS with LW. Yes, the influence of SSS can be
subtle, and perhaps not illustrated well in these examples, but in this
day and age in CG, the trick of fooling the human eye is often a subtle
one. This is only one example of where SSS can be applied, and I hope
to delve more deeply in the future. As a parting example, here is a
rendering of a backlit model of an ear that I just threw together,
which shows the use of the sub-surface color setting.
Thank you for your attention, and good luck.

- Shawn
]

http://pt.inbforum.com

上一页INBforum   Ir para baixo

上一页INBforumVer o tópico anterior Ver o tópico seguinte Ir para o topo  Mensagem [Página 1 de 1]

Permissões neste sub-fórum
Não podes responder a tópicos

Copyright ©2009-2010 LTD Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

IT:SINGLESERVGoogle谷歌翻译TranslateFORUMSOFTLAYERGoogle谷歌广告联盟AdSenseAsia

 

Criar um fórum | ©phpBB | Fórum gratuito de ajuda | Denunciar um abuso | Criar um fórum